
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X36. Additional results: alternative definition of second-order majority (demographic majority).</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A127)</td><td>Min. (model A128)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A129)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A130)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-0.710</td><td>-1.268<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.601</td><td>-0.456</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.600)</td><td>(0.434)</td><td>(0.780)</td><td>(0.781)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.235<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.727)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.117<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.591</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.288)</td><td>(0.453)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.001</td><td>-0.686</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.501)</td><td>(0.544)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.456</td><td>0.541</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.558)</td><td>(0.496)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.091</td><td>0.974</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.881)</td><td>(1.420)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.618</td><td>1.615</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.879)</td><td>(1.898)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.795</td><td>-0.830</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.058)</td><td>(1.106)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>-0.668</td><td>4.479<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.739)</td><td>(0.776)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.542</td><td>2.760</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(2.124)</td><td>(2.095)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.806<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.735</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.488)</td><td>(0.519)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.407</td><td>0.449</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.373)</td><td>(0.367)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.369<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.245<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.349<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.360<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.096)</td><td>(0.089)</td><td>(0.160)</td><td>(0.159)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.047</td><td>0.114</td><td>0.533<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.521<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.098)</td><td>(0.130)</td><td>(0.172)</td><td>(0.168)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.002</td><td>0.0002</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.603</td><td>0.513</td><td>0.872</td><td>0.820</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.530)</td><td>(0.359)</td><td>(0.626)</td><td>(0.630)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.092</td><td>0.110</td><td>-0.089</td><td>-0.094</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.142)</td><td>(0.160)</td><td>(0.184)</td><td>(0.177)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.150</td><td>-0.207<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.267<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.261<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.118)</td><td>(0.091)</td><td>(0.133)</td><td>(0.134)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.490<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.692<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.411<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.328</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.189)</td><td>(0.193)</td><td>(0.228)</td><td>(0.223)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.130</td><td>-0.056</td><td>-0.026</td><td>0.006</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.158)</td><td>(0.129)</td><td>(0.234)</td><td>(0.242)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.089</td><td>-1.259<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.727</td><td>0.787</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.754)</td><td>(0.623)</td><td>(0.589)</td><td>(0.592)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>-1.264</td><td>1.055</td><td>-0.098</td><td>0.085</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.902)</td><td>(1.208)</td><td>(1.404)</td><td>(1.406)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.502</td><td>0.119</td><td>0.392</td><td>0.414</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.309)</td><td>(0.342)</td><td>(0.301)</td><td>(0.294)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.583<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.475<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.132)</td><td>(0.114)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.037<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.024<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.012)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.0004</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.883<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.164<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.261)</td><td>(0.442)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.300<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.296<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.083)</td><td>(0.085)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.015</td><td>0.015</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.012)</td><td>(0.013)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0003</td><td>-0.0003</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0004)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.257<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.221<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.365)</td><td>(0.368)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>3.936<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.018</td><td>-24.012<sup>***</sup></td><td>-25.088<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.352)</td><td>(2.289)</td><td>(2.999)</td><td>(3.072)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>16,942</td><td>161,516</td><td>171,478</td><td>171,478</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-747.272</td><td>-1,863.272</td><td>-1,051.523</td><td>-1,042.569</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>1,604.545</td><td>3,836.545</td><td>2,221.046</td><td>2,205.137</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
